Sunday, July 24, 2011

Fighting Back

On 22 July 2011, a gunman in Utøya, Norway disguised himself as a police officer, called together members of a youth summer camp, and began shooting at them. The latest figure is 86 dead, 20 injured. The gunman's shooting spree lasted for over an hour, in which time he was able to reload multiple times and hunt down his victims. Most of the survivors escaped by hiding or pretending to be dead.

This murderer's spree lasted over 90 minutes.


Compare this to another horrifying attack that happened recently. On 8 January 2011, at a political assembly in Tucson, Arizona (United States), a gunman opened fire specifically at Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords and her entourage, then indiscriminately into the crowd. 6 killed, 14 injured.

His rampage only lasted 1 minute due to aggressive civilians fighting back.


The Tucson gunman had 33-round clips on his person, and the deathcount could have been much higher. instead, he was stopped by a 61 year old houswife, a 74 year old retired vet, and a 2 other civilians, all unarmed. They hit him with chairs, they wrestled him to the ground, they interfered with his hands as he tried to reload. They saved lives - their own, and countless others around them.

Arizona is a very gun-friendly state. Anyone over the age of 21 without a felony can carry a concealed handgun without a permit. But the only person who was carrying a weapon who had anything to do with resisting and subduing the gunman didn't even draw his weapon - he (wisely) kept it holstered since by the time he arrived on the scene, the gunman was already on his face and largely under control. It's laudable that this citizen was prepared, but in this case it wasn't necessary. The aggressive instinct of the 3 heroes was what saved the day.

Airline industry shows the same trend: the increase in x-ray machines, ID checks, TSA employees, and other measures are not what is saving lives. The only things that have saved lives on airplanes since 9-11 has been arming cockpit doors and teaching passengers to fight back.

At the end of the day, it's far more important to fight back with what you have, immediately. When I was in the kidnapping captial of the world (Bogota Colombia) in 1999 working against drug traffickers, the advice was the same: "Fight back. No matter what - even if they have a gun, even if there's a dozen of them. Don't let them put you in a vehicle. The situation never improves at the second crime scene."

Here at Virginia Systema, we train to overcome our natural hesitancy and tendency to freeze. We train with and against weapons, from a conflict's start to its finish. So from the instant when someone draws a weapon from a hidden pocket to the moment you've escaped to a safe zone and are searching yourself for wounds (many people don't realize they've been seriously injured because of the adrenaline dump), it will feel familiar because you've already seen it and practiced it a hundred times.

Continuous motion. Breathing. Forward aggression. Using everything in your aresnal. Pocket change flung at their eyes. Your Starbucks coffee. Your pocket knife. Your hands. Your feet. Your whole body.

It's up to you. When seconds count, the police are minutes away.

Good luck, and safe training!



















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Wednesday, April 20, 2011

Side Channels in Fighting

"From one thing, know ten thousand things." -Miyamoto Musashi, 17th century Japanese swordsman

I'd like to start my inaugural post by asking you to look at the following picture and tell me what you see.


It's a simple picture, with simple answers. It's a rabbit. Probably wild. Definitely a boy. It's in some grass. A man or woman named B. Katzung placed a watermark on the picture, apparently in 2005.

But there's more to the picture than just that. Much more. For instance, from this picture alone (not using Google or any other webpage), I can tell you that it was taken with a Canon EOS-1D Mark II camera. I can tell you that the picture was taken June 12, 2005, at 1:22 PM local time. I can tell you that a person named Bert Katzung (so it was a man!) edited the picture several times using Adobe Photoshop CS2 on a Windows machine. I can tell you that the picture was taken in the Marin-Sonoma area of California. In fact, if I wanted to track down the person who took this shot, I'd have a pretty good head start just from this picture alone.

So how do I know these things, just from this one file?

Simple. This picture of a bunny contains hidden information. Tons of it.

The camera that took this photograph saved the picture, and along with it, saved inside the file information about the camera itself. Shutter speed, model type, whether the flash went off, the time taken - all kinds of information (called "metadata"). The photographer's image editing software added more, such as who has registered the software (Bert), what kind of computer he was using (Windows), and where the picture was saved from (a folder called ...\California\Marin-Sonoma).

You can see this information (and much more) by using a simple and free tool called EXIFTOOL (available here ), which will allow you to see hidden information in many different kinds of files (not just pictures).

Bert probably had no idea that the bunny picture had all of that information in it - to him it was just a picture of a rabbit. But if you know what to look for and how to look for it, there's a wealth of information to discover.

So what does this have to do with fighting?

Simple. Your punches, kicks, and the rest of your movements also contain hidden information. Lots of it.


In a real world confrontation, before the first punch is thrown, there is a lead up to it: words are exchanged, distance is crossed by the aggressor to the defender, and body positions are shifted to cut off exits, to protect vital regions, or to give better access to strong sides or weapons. This is true whether the encounter is a fight at a bar or a mugging in a parking lot. One person makes the decision that it is going to get physical, prepares their body for violence, and the other must react.


Knowing how to spot the hidden information in these pre-fight movements - knowing how to see more than just "the rabbit" - is the difference between learning that the Fight Is On while the guy is still 2 steps away from you, or making that same realization after his fist has already connected with your face.

If I'm the defender, there are several pieces of hidden information that I'm looking for which we'll go over in future posts. For now, the most important, is "is this guy about to attack me?"

The best way to learn to find and read these hidden cues is through continuous mindful practice with honest partners. In the Combat Systema classes that I teach, we use drills where one person is the defender and the rest of the class walks around that person like they were a crowd walking past a pedestrian in Times Square. No one pays attention to the defender at all... except for the one person chosen at random to be the attacker. Sometimes the attacker will come at them with fists. Sometimes he'll reach into his pocket or into his waistband and pull out a knife. Sometimes it'll be from the front. Sometimes from behind. The point is to train the defender's eyes to recognize the directed aggressive attention, to see the break in the pattern of people around him, to pick up on the hidden body language clues. Distance, cadence of walk, choppiness of breath, body angle, hand and eye positions - all of these things contain hidden information that you can pick up on to reveal the person's intent.

Reading this hidden information won't stop the fight from happening, but will give you more time to react and prepare.

                                         Response time = reaction time + movement time

The middle of a fight is a bad time to be thinking about mathematics, but here is one equation that governs the reality of combat.  Your response time equals your reaction time plus your movement time. If I have any hope of blocking your incoming punch, I have to:
  • realize you are punching me (reaction time)
  • decide upon a course of action (also reaction time)
  • move my arm to deflect your incoming attack (movement time)
 Together, those make up my response time. If the time it takes for your fist to reach my nose is less than my response time, I lose.

This equation works both ways. As a defender, I want to minimize my reaction time by identifying an attack as early as possible. And as an attacker, I want to not telegraph my attack so that I delay my opponent's reaction time (ie cause him to not realize my attack is happening until it's too late for him to stop it). Michael Jai White brilliantly shows this in the following clip:






 By taking away movement cues, White is able to land more punches without speeding his fists up at all. What White says about brake lights at 3:50 is a perfect explanation of what is going on.

You can work on removing this hidden information on your own through slow and mindful work in front of a mirror, but it should also be tested with a partner. When you are by yourself, throw punches slowly while watching your body in a full-length mirror. Are you telegraphing when you punch? When I started doing this seriously, I began to notice that I kept my hands loose, but clenched into a fist right before my punches. This hand movement alone was enough to give an opponent a few hundredths of a second of heads up notice that an attack is incoming.Other common tells are breaking breath (either by holding breath or loudly exhaling), visible shoulder and neck tension, and breaking of rhythmic patterns of hand and arm movement prior to throwing the punch.

Partner drills are simple - have them hold a hitting target still while you warm up striking slowly with a simple jab. Remember, start slowly at first. After a few dozen reps, have the partner call out when they see your attack begin. See if you can get your hand closer to that stationary pad before their voice each time. It is important not to throw fakes at this time; each movement should be thrown genuinely and with awareness. As you gradually speed up, continue trying to get your hand closer to the stationary pad before you hear your partner's voice. Once you get to full speed, you can have them pull their target away or avoid your strike instead of calling out (it is good to have another stationary pad behind this so you aren't damaging your arm when you go full speed). This drill can be done at all distances, from clinching distance (where less power will be generated but the technique will be faster) to full extension.

Remember, training solo is good, but live feedback is best. And there's no better live feedback then sparring against a non-compliant partner. Find an open mat in your area, grab a training partner, and put what you practice to the test!

Good luck, and safe training!